Before I discuss a Universal Theory of Change in respect of those who are living on what we often refer to as the margins of society, it might be interesting to examine what I believe are two very important solutions that were in the past, and to some extent still are, promoted as having a good chance of success when helping people in deep distress, i.e. the results of theories of change that most people accepted would work in situations where people were suffering.
As I am writing this in Ireland, the solutions described are from an Irish context. I am fairly sure that similar examples could be found in other cultures.
The two solutions are 1): One-Way Knowledge Flow Paradigm and 2): Protection of the Institution of the Family.
I will then draw both together in describing 3): Historical and Modern Parallels.